Polynucleotide injectables in aesthetic medicine: A review of mechanisms, clinical uses, and comparative products with insights from the Egyptian market
Polynucleotides (PNs), derived primarily from purified trout or salmon DNA, have recently emerged as injectable biostimulatory agents in regenerative and aesthetic medicine. By enhancing hydration, stimulating fibroblast proliferation, modulating inflammation, and promoting collagen synthesis, PNs support tissue repair and skin rejuvenation. Several formulations including; Rejuran®, Nucleospire®, PhilArt®, and Plenhyage XL®have been introduced, each differing in composition, clinical applications, and market presence. This review provides a comparative overview of these products, emphasizing their mechanisms of action, clinical indications, regulatory status, and safety profiles. Beyond their use in dermatology and aesthetics, PN-based injectables show promise in dentistry, ophthalmology, and orthopedics, highlighting their expanding role in regenerative therapies. While accumulating evidence supports their efficacy, gaps remain in standardization, comparative clinical trials, and long-term safety evaluation.